No, it does not work like that for video. My SuperVideo plugin can internally render at 4K or even 8K, but it does need to downscale to your display/window resolution. If you want to capture 4K, you need a 4K monitor. Capturing works by having external software like OBS or the Nvidia thing capture the VaM window.
However, there is a paid plugin that claims it can render videos frame-by-frame rather than realtime. That should work in theory, but will cause trouble with sound. Apparently it can also do VR 180deg video. Never tried it, though.
https://hub.virtamate.com/resources/rendertovr-golden-pack.6681/